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Orangutans in Borneo can survive potential starvation by using their physical structure fatty tissue and muscles as zip until a bounteousness of food is available , investigator regain , adding that the results may someday shed light on the eating habits of our early ancestors .
The findings may also speak to various low - carb , gamy - protein diets , because essentially weight comes down to caloric intake for these orangutan as it does us , the researchers say .
Orangutans in Borneo will eat just about any fruit in the forest. But during hard times when fruit is not bountiful, they find other sources of protein: leaves, bark and their own body-fat reserves and muscle.
researcher have now learned that the orangutans get down to metabolize their own muscles for protein after these fat militia are gone .
" In this degree there is grounds of tissue wasting , the same kind that you would observe in anorectic patients , " said Erin Vogel , an evolutionary anthropologist at Rutgers University and direct author of the new sketch .
Vogel and her colleagues also learned that the hierarch avoid utmost protein deficiency by eat on tough foods , such as leaves and barque , using highly accommodate molars , not unlike those found in mod mankind and our hominin ancestors . By comparing the forcible properties of orang ' tooth and nutrient with those of other order Primates , scientists may someday be able to rag out thediets of our ancestors , Vogel sound out .
The grandness of protein
Protein is important for the growth and replication of all brute , but few studies have investigate how wild brute uphold protein Libra the Balance , the researchers say . This interrogation is specially interesting for species in Borneo because of the island ’s seemingly inhospitable yield - craw cycles .
To learn about the protein bicycle of Bornean Pongo pygmaeus , Vogel and her squad followed the primates for five old age — both during and after a masting period — and recorded each small-arm of food the animals run through . Every cockcrow , the researchers collected pee samples from the orangutans using moldable sail they repose out nearthe brute ' nest . Back in the lab , they analyzed dietary markers and nitrogen isotopes ( which are found in the amino acids that make up proteins ) in the samples they collect .
The researchers encounter that the levels of the dietetic marker ketone spiked after the masting period , indicating that the orangutans ' bodies were breaking down juicy reserves for vim . After several months of spiked ketone levels , the Pongo pygmaeus ' urine establish more atomic number 7 than could have get from their eating habits , indicate that their physical structure had begun to metabolize their muscle for protein . If the Pongo pygmaeus get prolongedmuscle cachexia , or the use of heftiness for protein , it could pull up stakes permanent legal injury .
" The practiced thing is that they will finally have a masting and go through this cycle again , " Vogel said .
During these time when fruits were n’t readily available , the orangutans supplemented their diets with leaves and barque , which are high in protein than yield . However , because of the prison term and energy it took to eat the tough foods , the animals were actually eat less and catch less overall protein than they were before . The amount of day-by-day protein they were get would be insufficient for mankind , but it was enough to avert a severe protein deficit for the orangutans .
magnanimous implications
The study shows that the orangutans put on fat only during periods of high-pitched protein and caloric intake . “ You reach weight when you take in more calories than you bite — it ’s something that nutritionist have have intercourse , but a lot of the high - protein , down - carb diet have lost sight of that , ” Vogel said . A future study could look at how the orangutan ’ proportion of protein to carbohydrate intake change over time and how it affected their metamorphosis , she enounce .
Herman Pontzer , an anthropologist at the Hunter College of the City University of New York , summate that the study “ marks a new era in apeevolutionary biology . ” Previous primate studies have focused on behaviour and anatomy of the animals , but have n’t really add physiology into the mix . “ It ’s always fun to see these new ideas and new approaches apply to interesting questions about apes , ” said Pontzer , who was not involved in the research .
Pontzer was surprised to see how “ nigh to the sharpness ” the orangutans seem to be living and is curious to see if other anthropoid have standardised protein situations . Gibbons , for example , also survive on fruit in the Borneo forests .
“ A big implication [ of the study ] is just how much we still want to learn about the subsist apes , ” Pontzer said .
In plus , the results speak to the problem of deforestation , Vogel says , as the field of study shows part logged forests in Borneo are better than no forests at all . The orangutans are still able-bodied to get the protein they need to survive in these sphere , even though the part logged forests are not their primary habitat . “ The forests still have biologic value and should be conserved so that biodiversity that can survive there , ” Vogel say .
The discipline was print yesterday ( Dec. 13 ) in the journal Biology Letters .
